In addition to the above, the overall encoding latency is also affected by efficient application design (or lack thereof). Running quarter-resolution first pass requires less time than running both passes at full resolution. Naturally, 2-pass requires more time to encode than 1-pass rate control mode. Latency contributed by (b) can be minimized by choosing the correct preset, and rate control mode with correct number of rate control passes. In Video SDK 10.0 and above, setting the tuning info to low-latency or ultra-low-latency will set most of these parameters automatically. Each of these can all be set via NVENCODE API.

structure, no look-ahead and lowest possible VBV buffer for the given bitrate and available channel bandwidth, without giving away too much of encoding quality. Typically, latency in (a) can be minimized by choosing infinite GOP with IPPPP. For a typical end-to-end streaming scenario to incur low latency, it is important to lower both components as much as possible. B-frames, look-ahead, VBV buffering), and (b) Latency due to the processing required to encode the bits using hardware or software.

A: Video encoding latency consists of two components: (a) Latency due to encoding algorithm (e.g.

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